Scholars Aziza Ahmed and Meena Seshu counsel reforms in law enforcement procedures so that raids are final resort, not violent, and are clear in its purposes and processes. Law enforcement perceive some advantages from raids, including the flexibility to find and determine witnesses for legal processes, to dismantle “criminal networks”, and to rescue victims from abuse. Service suppliers report an absence of uniform procedure for identifying trafficking victims after raids. The 26 interviewed service suppliers acknowledged that native police never referred trafficked individuals to them after raids. Critics argue that End Demand packages are ineffective in that prostitution shouldn’t be decreased, “John colleges” have little effect on deterrence and portray prostitutes negatively, and conflicts in interest come up between regulation enforcement and NGO service providers. A examine found that Sweden’s legal experiment (criminalizing shoppers of prostitution and offering companies to prostitutes who need to exit the business to be able to fight trafficking) didn’t reduce the number of prostitutes, however as a substitute elevated exploitation of intercourse workers because of the upper threat nature of their work. Liberal feminists support intercourse staff’ rights, and argue that women who voluntarily selected sex work are autonomous. Third-wave feminism harmonizes the ideas that while people have rights, overarching inequalities hinder ladies’s capabilities.
Third-wave feminism also considers that ladies who’re trafficked and face oppression do not all face the identical sorts of oppression. Women from low socioeconomic class, generally from the worldwide South, face inequalities that differ from these of other sex trafficking victims. Additionally, intercourse employees typically face violence from the police throughout raids and arrests and in rehabilitation centers. As purchasers keep away from brothel areas which are raided however don’t cease paying for sex, voluntary intercourse workers will have to interact with customers underground. The Trafficking Victims Protection Re-authorization Act of 2005 (TVPRA) provides state and native legislation enforcement funding to prosecute prospects of economic intercourse, due to this fact some regulation enforcement companies make no distinction between prostitution and sex trafficking. The problems towards anti-trafficking raids are associated to the problem of the trafficking concept itself, as raids’ objective of preventing intercourse trafficking may be conflated with fighting prostitution. Dominant feminism emphasizes sex trafficking as compelled prostitution and considers the act exploitative. The dominant feminist view focuses on “sexualized domination”, which includes problems with pornography, feminine sex labor in a patriarchal world, rape, and sexual harassment. The third-wave feminist perspective of intercourse trafficking seeks to harmonize the dominant and liberal feminist views of sex trafficking.
Third-wave feminist perspective of intercourse trafficking is loosely associated to Amartya Sen’s and Martha Nussbaum’s visions of the human capabilities method to growth. This additionally means permitting particular person victims to tell their distinctive experiences fairly than essentializing all trafficking experiences. Therefore, it advocates for catering to individual trafficking victim as a result of intercourse trafficking just isn’t monolithic, and therefore there just isn’t a one-dimension-matches-all intervention. Social employees and attorneys involved in anti-sex trafficking have negative opinions about raids. One study interviewed ladies who have experienced regulation enforcement operations as intercourse employees and located that throughout these raids meant to fight human trafficking, not one of the girls had been ever recognized as trafficking victims, and just one lady was requested whether she was coerced into intercourse work. As raids occur to brothels which will home sex workers as well as sex trafficked victims, raids have an effect on intercourse staff in general. Furthermore, they counsel that since any trafficking victims will most likely be involved with other sex workers first, working with sex workers may be an alternate to the raid and rescue mannequin. Raids are also problematic in that the girls concerned have been most likely unclear about who was conducting the raid, what the aim of the raid was, and what the outcomes of the raid would be.
